Ankieta: Jaki system operacyjnym preferujesz

SP6VGX · 06-07-2016 13:31

(06-07-2016 12:46)SP5FCS napisał(a): Pisząc pierwszy program w środowisku które posiada kreator projektu nie musimy nic wiedzieć o zegarze (ustawiony domyślnie) a tym bardziej o SysTicku i przerwaniach.

I wlasnie to nie jest najlepsze podejscie - bo tak na prawde jestesmy potem zwiazani z srodowiskiem jakie uzywamy. Tutaj mozna sie zwiazac z komercyjnymi rozwiazaniami lub cala masa darmowych, ale czasem drastycznie sie rozniacych.

Przeniesienie projektu z innego srodowiska rosnie do problemu zdobycia mount everest itd.

Zreszta u gory wkleilem jak wyglada projekt z kreatora w Eclipse + troche pluginow... ktore tez trzeba wybrac i doinstalowac po zainstalowaniu Eclipse CDT.

No chyba ze wtybieramy srodowisko pod Win i rezygnujemy z uzytkownikow na innych platformach.

Natomiast bez pojecia jak dany interfejs jest taktowany to nic sie nie zrobi... bo w tym przykladzie nawet ja nie wiem jak co jest taktowane z defaultu (bo po prostu nie pamietam tego) Smile

Natomiast jak dla mnie sprawa wyjasnienia podstawy takiej jak ustawienie procesora dla danego kwarcu jaki mamy na plytce to jest niezbedna podstawa by cokolwiek pisac wiecej niz miganie dioda...

I tutaj znowu ile poczatkujacych wyedytuje ten plik i ustawi choc by poprawne wartosci dla wybranej plytki discovery ?

Kod:

/**

  *********************************************​*********************************

  * @file    system_stm32f4xx.c

  * @author  MCD Application Team

  * @version V1.7.0

  * @date    22-April-2016

  * @brief   CMSIS Cortex-M4 Device Peripheral Access Layer System Source File.

  *          This file contains the system clock configuration for STM32F4xx devices.

  *             

  * 1.  This file provides two functions and one global variable to be called from 

  *     user application:

  *      - SystemInit(): Setups the system clock (System clock source, PLL Multiplier

  *                      and Divider factors, AHB/APBx prescalers and Flash settings),

  *                      depending on the configuration made in the clock xls tool. 

  *                      This function is called at startup just after reset and 

  *                      before branch to main program. This call is made inside

  *                      the "startup_stm32f4xx.s" file.

  *

  *      - SystemCoreClock variable: Contains the core clock (HCLK), it can be used

  *                                  by the user application to setup the SysTick 

  *                                  timer or configure other parameters.

  *                                     

  *      - SystemCoreClockUpdate(): Updates the variable SystemCoreClock and must

  *                                 be called whenever the core clock is changed

  *                                 during program execution.

  *

  * 2. After each device reset the HSI (16 MHz) is used as system clock source.

  *    Then SystemInit() function is called, in "startup_stm32f4xx.s" file, to

  *    configure the system clock before to branch to main program.

  *

  * 3. If the system clock source selected by user fails to startup, the SystemInit()

  *    function will do nothing and HSI still used as system clock source. User can 

  *    add some code to deal with this issue inside the SetSysClock() function.

  *

  * 4. The default value of HSE crystal is set to 25MHz, refer to "HSE_VALUE" define

  *    in "stm32f4xx.h" file. When HSE is used as system clock source, directly or

  *    through PLL, and you are using different crystal you have to adapt the HSE

  *    value to your own configuration.

  *

  * 5. This file configures the system clock as follows:

  *============================================​=================================

  *============================================​=================================

  *                    Supported STM32F40xxx/41xxx devices

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        System Clock source                    | PLL (HSE)

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        SYSCLK(Hz)                             | 168000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HCLK(Hz)                               | 168000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        AHB Prescaler                          | 1

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB1 Prescaler                         | 4

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB2 Prescaler                         | 2

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HSE Frequency(Hz)                      | 25000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_M                                  | 25

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_N                                  | 336

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_P                                  | 2

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_Q                                  | 7

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_N                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_R                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        I2S input clock                        | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        VDD(V)                                 | 3.3

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Main regulator output voltage          | Scale1 mode

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Flash Latency(WS)                      | 5

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Prefetch Buffer                        | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Instruction cache                      | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Data cache                             | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Require 48MHz for USB OTG FS,          | Disabled

  *        SDIO and RNG clock                     |

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *============================================​=================================

  *============================================​=================================

  *                    Supported STM32F42xxx/43xxx devices

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        System Clock source                    | PLL (HSE)

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        SYSCLK(Hz)                             | 180000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HCLK(Hz)                               | 180000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        AHB Prescaler                          | 1

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB1 Prescaler                         | 4

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB2 Prescaler                         | 2

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HSE Frequency(Hz)                      | 25000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_M                                  | 25

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_N                                  | 360

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_P                                  | 2

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_Q                                  | 7

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_N                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_R                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        I2S input clock                        | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        VDD(V)                                 | 3.3

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Main regulator output voltage          | Scale1 mode

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Flash Latency(WS)                      | 5

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Prefetch Buffer                        | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Instruction cache                      | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Data cache                             | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Require 48MHz for USB OTG FS,          | Disabled

  *        SDIO and RNG clock                     |

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *============================================​=================================

  *============================================​=================================

  *                         Supported STM32F401xx devices

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        System Clock source                    | PLL (HSE)

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        SYSCLK(Hz)                             | 84000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HCLK(Hz)                               | 84000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        AHB Prescaler                          | 1

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB1 Prescaler                         | 2

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB2 Prescaler                         | 1

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HSE Frequency(Hz)                      | 25000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_M                                  | 25

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_N                                  | 336

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_P                                  | 4

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_Q                                  | 7

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_N                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_R                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        I2S input clock                        | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        VDD(V)                                 | 3.3

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Main regulator output voltage          | Scale1 mode

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Flash Latency(WS)                      | 2

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Prefetch Buffer                        | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Instruction cache                      | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Data cache                             | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Require 48MHz for USB OTG FS,          | Disabled

  *        SDIO and RNG clock                     |

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *============================================​=================================

  *============================================​=================================

  *                Supported STM32F411xx/STM32F410xx devices

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        System Clock source                    | PLL (HSI)

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        SYSCLK(Hz)                             | 100000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HCLK(Hz)                               | 100000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        AHB Prescaler                          | 1

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB1 Prescaler                         | 2

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB2 Prescaler                         | 1

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HSI Frequency(Hz)                      | 16000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_M                                  | 16

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_N                                  | 400

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_P                                  | 4

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_Q                                  | 7

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_N                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_R                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        I2S input clock                        | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        VDD(V)                                 | 3.3

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Main regulator output voltage          | Scale1 mode

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Flash Latency(WS)                      | 3

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Prefetch Buffer                        | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Instruction cache                      | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Data cache                             | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Require 48MHz for USB OTG FS,          | Disabled

  *        SDIO and RNG clock                     |

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *============================================​=================================

  *============================================​=================================

  *                         Supported STM32F446xx devices

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        System Clock source                    | PLL (HSE)

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        SYSCLK(Hz)                             | 180000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HCLK(Hz)                               | 180000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        AHB Prescaler                          | 1

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB1 Prescaler                         | 4

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        APB2 Prescaler                         | 2

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        HSE Frequency(Hz)                      | 8000000

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_M                                  | 8

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_N                                  | 360

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_P                                  | 2

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_Q                                  | 7

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLL_R                                  | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_M                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_N                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_P                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_Q                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        PLLI2S_R                               | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        I2S input clock                        | NA

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        VDD(V)                                 | 3.3

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Main regulator output voltage          | Scale1 mode

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Flash Latency(WS)                      | 5

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Prefetch Buffer                        | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Instruction cache                      | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Data cache                             | ON

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *        Require 48MHz for USB OTG FS,          | Disabled

  *        SDIO and RNG clock                     |

  *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  *============================================​=================================

  *********************************************​*********************************

  * @attention

  *

  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT 2015 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>

  *

  * Licensed under MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2, (the "License");

  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  * You may obtain a copy of the License at:

  *

  *        http://www.st.com/software_license_agreement_liberty_v2

  *

  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 

  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 

  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

  * limitations under the License.

  *

  *********************************************​*********************************

  */

/** @addtogroup CMSIS

  * @{

  */

/** @addtogroup stm32f4xx_system

  * @{

  */  

/** @addtogroup STM32F4xx_System_Private_Includes

  * @{

  */

#include "stm32f4xx.h"

/**

  * @}

  */

/** @addtogroup STM32F4xx_System_Private_TypesDefinitions

  * @{

  */

/**

  * @}

  */

/** @addtogroup STM32F4xx_System_Private_Defines

  * @{

  */

/************************* Miscellaneous Configuration ************************/

/*!< Uncomment the following line if you need to use external SRAM or SDRAM mounted

     on STM324xG_EVAL/STM324x7I_EVAL/STM324x9I_EVAL boards as data memory  */     

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx) || defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)

/* #define DATA_IN_ExtSRAM */

#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx || STM32F427_437x || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F469_479xx */

#if defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)

/* #define DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM */

#endif /* STM32F427_437x || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */ 

#if defined(STM32F410xx) || defined(STM32F411xE)

/*!< Uncomment the following line if you need to clock the STM32F410xx/STM32F411xE by HSE Bypass

     through STLINK MCO pin of STM32F103 microcontroller. The frequency cannot be changed

     and is fixed at 8 MHz. 

     Hardware configuration needed for Nucleo Board:

     ñ SB54, SB55 OFF

     ñ R35 removed

     ñ SB16, SB50 ON */

/* #define USE_HSE_BYPASS */

#if defined(USE_HSE_BYPASS)     

#define HSE_BYPASS_INPUT_FREQUENCY   8000000

#endif /* USE_HSE_BYPASS */    

#endif /* STM32F410xx || STM32F411xE */

/*!< Uncomment the following line if you need to relocate your vector Table in

     Internal SRAM. */

/* #define VECT_TAB_SRAM */

#define VECT_TAB_OFFSET  0x00 /*!< Vector Table base offset field. 

                                   This value must be a multiple of 0x200. */

/**************************************************​****************************/

/************************* PLL Parameters *************************************/

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx) || defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F401xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)

 /* PLL_VCO = (HSE_VALUE or HSI_VALUE / PLL_M) * PLL_N */

 #define PLL_M      25

#elif defined(STM32F412xG) || defined (STM32F446xx)

 #define PLL_M      8

#elif defined (STM32F410xx) || defined (STM32F411xE)

 #if defined(USE_HSE_BYPASS)

  #define PLL_M      8    

 #else /* !USE_HSE_BYPASS */

  #define PLL_M      16

 #endif /* USE_HSE_BYPASS */

#else

#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx || STM32F427_437xx || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F401xx || STM32F469_479xx */  

/* USB OTG FS, SDIO and RNG Clock =  PLL_VCO / PLLQ */

#define PLL_Q      7

#if defined(STM32F446xx)

/* PLL division factor for I2S, SAI, SYSTEM and SPDIF: Clock =  PLL_VCO / PLLR */

#define PLL_R      7

#elif defined(STM32F412xG)

#define PLL_R      2

#else

#endif /* STM32F446xx */ 

#if defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)

#define PLL_N      360

/* SYSCLK = PLL_VCO / PLL_P */

#define PLL_P      2

#endif /* STM32F427_437x || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */

#if defined (STM32F40_41xxx)

#define PLL_N      336

/* SYSCLK = PLL_VCO / PLL_P */

#define PLL_P      2

#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx */

#if defined(STM32F401xx)

#define PLL_N      336

/* SYSCLK = PLL_VCO / PLL_P */

#define PLL_P      4

#endif /* STM32F401xx */

#if defined(STM32F410xx) || defined(STM32F411xE) || defined(STM32F412xG)

#define PLL_N      400

/* SYSCLK = PLL_VCO / PLL_P */

#define PLL_P      4   

#endif /* STM32F410xx || STM32F411xE */

/**************************************************​****************************/

/**

  * @}

  */

/** @addtogroup STM32F4xx_System_Private_Macros

  * @{

  */

/**

  * @}

  */

/** @addtogroup STM32F4xx_System_Private_Variables

  * @{

  */

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx)

  uint32_t SystemCoreClock = 168000000;

#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx */

#if defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)

  uint32_t SystemCoreClock = 180000000;

#endif /* STM32F427_437x || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */

#if defined(STM32F401xx)

  uint32_t SystemCoreClock = 84000000;

#endif /* STM32F401xx */

#if defined(STM32F410xx) || defined(STM32F411xE) || defined(STM32F412xG)

  uint32_t SystemCoreClock = 100000000;

#endif /* STM32F410xx || STM32F401xE || STM32F412xG */

__I uint8_t AHBPrescTable[16] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9};

/**

  * @}

  */

/** @addtogroup STM32F4xx_System_Private_FunctionPrototypes

  * @{

  */

static void SetSysClock(void);

#if defined(DATA_IN_ExtSRAM) || defined(DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM)

static void SystemInit_ExtMemCtl(void); 

#endif /* DATA_IN_ExtSRAM || DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM */

/**

  * @}

  */

/** @addtogroup STM32F4xx_System_Private_Functions

  * @{

  */

/**

  * @brief  Setup the microcontroller system

  *         Initialize the Embedded Flash Interface, the PLL and update the 

  *         SystemFrequency variable.

  * @param  None

  * @retval None

  */

void SystemInit(void)

{

  /* FPU settings ------------------------------------------------------------*/

  #if (__FPU_PRESENT == 1) && (__FPU_USED == 1)

    SCB->CPACR |= ((3UL << 10*2)|(3UL << 11*2));  /* set CP10 and CP11 Full Access */

  #endif

  /* Reset the RCC clock configuration to the default reset state ------------*/

  /* Set HSION bit */

  RCC->CR |= (uint32_t)0x00000001;

  /* Reset CFGR register */

  RCC->CFGR = 0x00000000;

  /* Reset HSEON, CSSON and PLLON bits */

  RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFEF6FFFF;

  /* Reset PLLCFGR register */

  RCC->PLLCFGR = 0x24003010;

  /* Reset HSEBYP bit */

  RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFFFBFFFF;

  /* Disable all interrupts */

  RCC->CIR = 0x00000000;

#if defined(DATA_IN_ExtSRAM) || defined(DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM)

  SystemInit_ExtMemCtl(); 

#endif /* DATA_IN_ExtSRAM || DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM */

  /* Configure the System clock source, PLL Multiplier and Divider factors, 

     AHB/APBx prescalers and Flash settings ----------------------------------*/

  SetSysClock();

  /* Configure the Vector Table location add offset address ------------------*/

#ifdef VECT_TAB_SRAM

  SCB->VTOR = SRAM_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal SRAM */

#else

  SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal FLASH */

#endif

}

/**

   * @brief  Update SystemCoreClock variable according to Clock Register Values.

  *         The SystemCoreClock variable contains the core clock (HCLK), it can

  *         be used by the user application to setup the SysTick timer or configure

  *         other parameters.

  *           

  * @note   Each time the core clock (HCLK) changes, this function must be called

  *         to update SystemCoreClock variable value. Otherwise, any configuration

  *         based on this variable will be incorrect.         

  *     

  * @note   - The system frequency computed by this function is not the real 

  *           frequency in the chip. It is calculated based on the predefined 

  *           constant and the selected clock source:

  *             

  *           - If SYSCLK source is HSI, SystemCoreClock will contain the HSI_VALUE(*)

  *                                              

  *           - If SYSCLK source is HSE, SystemCoreClock will contain the HSE_VALUE(**)

  *                          

  *           - If SYSCLK source is PLL, SystemCoreClock will contain the HSE_VALUE(**) 

  *             or HSI_VALUE(*) multiplied/divided by the PLL factors.

  *         

  *         (*) HSI_VALUE is a constant defined in stm32f4xx.h file (default value

  *             16 MHz) but the real value may vary depending on the variations

  *             in voltage and temperature.   

  *    

  *         (**) HSE_VALUE is a constant defined in stm32f4xx.h file (default value

  *              25 MHz), user has to ensure that HSE_VALUE is same as the real

  *              frequency of the crystal used. Otherwise, this function may

  *              have wrong result.

  *                

  *         - The result of this function could be not correct when using fractional

  *           value for HSE crystal.

  *     

  * @param  None

  * @retval None

  */

void SystemCoreClockUpdate(void)

{

  uint32_t tmp = 0, pllvco = 0, pllp = 2, pllsource = 0, pllm = 2;

#if defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F446xx)  

  uint32_t pllr = 2;

#endif /* STM32F412xG || STM32F446xx */

  /* Get SYSCLK source -------------------------------------------------------*/

  tmp = RCC->CFGR & RCC_CFGR_SWS;

  switch (tmp)

  {

    case 0x00:  /* HSI used as system clock source */

      SystemCoreClock = HSI_VALUE;

      break;

    case 0x04:  /* HSE used as system clock source */

      SystemCoreClock = HSE_VALUE;

      break;

    case 0x08:  /* PLL P used as system clock source */

       /* PLL_VCO = (HSE_VALUE or HSI_VALUE / PLL_M) * PLL_N

         SYSCLK = PLL_VCO / PLL_P

         */    

      pllsource = (RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLSRC) >> 22;

      pllm = RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLM;

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx) || defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F401xx) || defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)

      if (pllsource != 0)

      {

        /* HSE used as PLL clock source */

        pllvco = (HSE_VALUE / pllm) * ((RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLN) >> 6);

      }

      else

      {

        /* HSI used as PLL clock source */

        pllvco = (HSI_VALUE / pllm) * ((RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLN) >> 6);

      }

#elif defined(STM32F410xx) || defined(STM32F411xE)

#if defined(USE_HSE_BYPASS)

      if (pllsource != 0)

      {

        /* HSE used as PLL clock source */

        pllvco = (HSE_BYPASS_INPUT_FREQUENCY / pllm) * ((RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLN) >> 6);

      }  

#else  

      if (pllsource == 0)

      {

        /* HSI used as PLL clock source */

        pllvco = (HSI_VALUE / pllm) * ((RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLN) >> 6);

      }  

#endif /* USE_HSE_BYPASS */  

#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx || STM32F427_437xx || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F401xx || STM32F412xG ||  STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */  

      pllp = (((RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLP) >>16) + 1 ) *2;

      SystemCoreClock = pllvco/pllp;      

      break;

#if defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F446xx)      

      case 0x0C:  /* PLL R used as system clock source */

       /* PLL_VCO = (HSE_VALUE or HSI_VALUE / PLL_M) * PLL_N

         SYSCLK = PLL_VCO / PLL_R

         */    

      pllsource = (RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLSRC) >> 22;

      pllm = RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLM;

      if (pllsource != 0)

      {

        /* HSE used as PLL clock source */

        pllvco = (HSE_VALUE / pllm) * ((RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLN) >> 6);

      }

      else

      {

        /* HSI used as PLL clock source */

        pllvco = (HSI_VALUE / pllm) * ((RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLN) >> 6);      

      }

      pllr = (((RCC->PLLCFGR & RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLR) >>28) + 1 ) *2;

      SystemCoreClock = pllvco/pllr;      

      break;

#endif /* STM32F412xG || STM32F446xx */

    default:

      SystemCoreClock = HSI_VALUE;

      break;

  }

  /* Compute HCLK frequency --------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Get HCLK prescaler */

  tmp = AHBPrescTable[((RCC->CFGR & RCC_CFGR_HPRE) >> 4)];

  /* HCLK frequency */

  SystemCoreClock >>= tmp;

}

/**

  * @brief  Configures the System clock source, PLL Multiplier and Divider factors, 

  *         AHB/APBx prescalers and Flash settings

  * @Note   This function should be called only once the RCC clock configuration  

  *         is reset to the default reset state (done in SystemInit() function).   

  * @param  None

  * @retval None

  */

static void SetSysClock(void)

{

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx) || defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F401xx) || defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F446xx)|| defined(STM32F469_479xx)

/**************************************************​****************************/

/*            PLL (clocked by HSE) used as System clock source                */

/**************************************************​****************************/

  __IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0;

  /* Enable HSE */

  RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON);

  /* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */

  do

  {

    HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY;

    StartUpCounter++;

  } while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT));

  if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET)

  {

    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01;

  }

  else

  {

    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00;

  }

  if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01)

  {

    /* Select regulator voltage output Scale 1 mode */

    RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_PWREN;

    PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_VOS;

    /* HCLK = SYSCLK / 1*/

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx) || defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) ||  defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)    

    /* PCLK2 = HCLK / 2*/

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV2;

    /* PCLK1 = HCLK / 4*/

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV4;

#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx || STM32F427_437x || STM32F429_439xx  || STM32F412xG || STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */

#if defined(STM32F401xx)

    /* PCLK2 = HCLK / 2*/

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;

    /* PCLK1 = HCLK / 4*/

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;

#endif /* STM32F401xx */

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx) || defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F401xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)    

    /* Configure the main PLL */

    RCC->PLLCFGR = PLL_M | (PLL_N << 6) | (((PLL_P >> 1) -1) << 16) |

                   (RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLSRC_HSE) | (PLL_Q << 24);

#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx || STM32F401xx || STM32F427_437x || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F469_479xx */

#if  defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F446xx)

    /* Configure the main PLL */

    RCC->PLLCFGR = PLL_M | (PLL_N << 6) | (((PLL_P >> 1) -1) << 16) |

                   (RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLSRC_HSE) | (PLL_Q << 24) | (PLL_R << 28);

#endif /* STM32F412xG || STM32F446xx */    

    /* Enable the main PLL */

    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;

    /* Wait till the main PLL is ready */

    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)

    {

    }

#if defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)

    /* Enable the Over-drive to extend the clock frequency to 180 Mhz */

    PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_ODEN;

    while((PWR->CSR & PWR_CSR_ODRDY) == 0)

    {

    }

    PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_ODSWEN;

    while((PWR->CSR & PWR_CSR_ODSWRDY) == 0)

    {

    }      

    /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */

    FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_5WS;

#endif /* STM32F427_437x || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx)  || defined(STM32F412xG)   

    /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */

    FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_5WS;

#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx  || STM32F412xG */

#if defined(STM32F401xx)

    /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */

    FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2WS;

#endif /* STM32F401xx */

    /* Select the main PLL as system clock source */

    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;

    /* Wait till the main PLL is used as system clock source */

    while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS ) != RCC_CFGR_SWS_PLL);

    {

    }

  }

  else

  { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock

         configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */

  }

#elif defined(STM32F410xx) || defined(STM32F411xE)

#if defined(USE_HSE_BYPASS) 

/**************************************************​****************************/

/*            PLL (clocked by HSE) used as System clock source                */

/**************************************************​****************************/

  __IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0;

  /* Enable HSE and HSE BYPASS */

  RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON | RCC_CR_HSEBYP);

  /* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */

  do

  {

    HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY;

    StartUpCounter++;

  } while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT));

  if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET)

  {

    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01;

  }

  else

  {

    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00;

  }

  if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01)

  {

    /* Select regulator voltage output Scale 1 mode */

    RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_PWREN;

    PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_VOS;

    /* HCLK = SYSCLK / 1*/

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;

    /* PCLK2 = HCLK / 2*/

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;

    /* PCLK1 = HCLK / 4*/

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;

    /* Configure the main PLL */

    RCC->PLLCFGR = PLL_M | (PLL_N << 6) | (((PLL_P >> 1) -1) << 16) |

                   (RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLSRC_HSE) | (PLL_Q << 24);

    /* Enable the main PLL */

    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;

    /* Wait till the main PLL is ready */

    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)

    {

    }

    /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */

    FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2WS;

    /* Select the main PLL as system clock source */

    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));

    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;

    /* Wait till the main PLL is used as system clock source */

    while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS ) != RCC_CFGR_SWS_PLL);

    {

    }

  }

  else

  { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock

         configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */

  }

#else /* HSI will be used as PLL clock source */

  /* Select regulator voltage output Scale 1 mode */

  RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_PWREN;

  PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_VOS;

  /* HCLK = SYSCLK / 1*/

  RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;

  /* PCLK2 = HCLK / 2*/

  RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;

  /* PCLK1 = HCLK / 4*/

  RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;

  /* Configure the main PLL */

  RCC->PLLCFGR = PLL_M | (PLL_N << 6) | (((PLL_P >> 1) -1) << 16) | (PLL_Q << 24); 

  /* Enable the main PLL */

  RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;

  /* Wait till the main PLL is ready */

  while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)

  {

  }

  /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */

  FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2WS;

  /* Select the main PLL as system clock source */

  RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));

  RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;

  /* Wait till the main PLL is used as system clock source */

  while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS ) != RCC_CFGR_SWS_PLL);

  {

  }

#endif /* USE_HSE_BYPASS */  

#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx || STM32F427_437xx || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F401xx || STM32F469_479xx */  

}

#if defined (DATA_IN_ExtSRAM) && defined (DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM)

#if defined(STM32F427xx) || defined(STM32F437xx) || defined(STM32F429xx) || defined(STM32F439xx) ||\

    defined(STM32F469xx) || defined(STM32F479xx)

/**

  * @brief  Setup the external memory controller.

  *         Called in startup_stm32f4xx.s before jump to main.

  *         This function configures the external memories (SRAM/SDRAM)

  *         This SRAM/SDRAM will be used as program data memory (including heap and stack).

  * @param  None

  * @retval None

  */

void SystemInit_ExtMemCtl(void)

{

  __IO uint32_t tmp = 0x00;

  register uint32_t tmpreg = 0, timeout = 0xFFFF;

  register uint32_t index;

  /* Enable GPIOC, GPIOD, GPIOE, GPIOF, GPIOG, GPIOH and GPIOI interface clock */

  RCC->AHB1ENR |= 0x000001F8;

  /* Delay after an RCC peripheral clock enabling */

  tmp = READ_BIT(RCC->AHB1ENR, RCC_AHB1ENR_GPIOCEN);

  /* Connect PDx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOD->AFR[0]  = 0x00CCC0CC;

  GPIOD->AFR[1]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  /* Configure PDx pins in Alternate function mode */  

  GPIOD->MODER   = 0xAAAA0A8A;

  /* Configure PDx pins speed to 100 MHz */  

  GPIOD->OSPEEDR = 0xFFFF0FCF;

  /* Configure PDx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOD->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PDx pins */ 

  GPIOD->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PEx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOE->AFR[0]  = 0xC00CC0CC;

  GPIOE->AFR[1]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  /* Configure PEx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOE->MODER   = 0xAAAA828A;

  /* Configure PEx pins speed to 100 MHz */ 

  GPIOE->OSPEEDR = 0xFFFFC3CF;

  /* Configure PEx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOE->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PEx pins */ 

  GPIOE->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PFx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOF->AFR[0]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  GPIOF->AFR[1]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  /* Configure PFx pins in Alternate function mode */   

  GPIOF->MODER   = 0xAA800AAA;

  /* Configure PFx pins speed to 50 MHz */ 

  GPIOF->OSPEEDR = 0xAA800AAA;

  /* Configure PFx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOF->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PFx pins */ 

  GPIOF->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PGx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOG->AFR[0]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  GPIOG->AFR[1]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  /* Configure PGx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOG->MODER   = 0xAAAAAAAA;

  /* Configure PGx pins speed to 50 MHz */ 

  GPIOG->OSPEEDR = 0xAAAAAAAA;

  /* Configure PGx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOG->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PGx pins */ 

  GPIOG->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PHx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOH->AFR[0]  = 0x00C0CC00;

  GPIOH->AFR[1]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  /* Configure PHx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOH->MODER   = 0xAAAA08A0;

  /* Configure PHx pins speed to 50 MHz */ 

  GPIOH->OSPEEDR = 0xAAAA08A0;

  /* Configure PHx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOH->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PHx pins */ 

  GPIOH->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PIx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOI->AFR[0]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  GPIOI->AFR[1]  = 0x00000CC0;

  /* Configure PIx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOI->MODER   = 0x0028AAAA;

  /* Configure PIx pins speed to 50 MHz */ 

  GPIOI->OSPEEDR = 0x0028AAAA;

  /* Configure PIx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOI->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PIx pins */ 

  GPIOI->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

/*-- FMC Configuration -------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Enable the FMC interface clock */

  RCC->AHB3ENR |= 0x00000001;

  /* Delay after an RCC peripheral clock enabling */

  tmp = READ_BIT(RCC->AHB3ENR, RCC_AHB3ENR_FMCEN);

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCR[0] = 0x000019E4;

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDTR[0] = 0x01115351;      

  /* SDRAM initialization sequence */

  /* Clock enable command */

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCMR = 0x00000011; 

  tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  while((tmpreg != 0) && (timeout-- > 0))

  {

    tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  }

  /* Delay */

  for (index = 0; index<1000; index++);

  /* PALL command */

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCMR = 0x00000012;           

  timeout = 0xFFFF;

  while((tmpreg != 0) && (timeout-- > 0))

  {

    tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  }

  /* Auto refresh command */

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCMR = 0x00000073;

  timeout = 0xFFFF;

  while((tmpreg != 0) && (timeout-- > 0))

  {

    tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  }

  /* MRD register program */

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCMR = 0x00046014;

  timeout = 0xFFFF;

  while((tmpreg != 0) && (timeout-- > 0))

  {

    tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  } 

  /* Set refresh count */

  tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDRTR;

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDRTR = (tmpreg | (0x0000027C<<1));

  /* Disable write protection */

  tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDCR[0]; 

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCR[0] = (tmpreg & 0xFFFFFDFF);

#if defined(STM32F427xx) || defined(STM32F437xx) || defined(STM32F429xx) || defined(STM32F439xx)

  /* Configure and enable Bank1_SRAM2 */

  FMC_Bank1->BTCR[2]  = 0x00001011;

  FMC_Bank1->BTCR[3]  = 0x00000201;

  FMC_Bank1E->BWTR[2] = 0x0fffffff;

#endif /* STM32F427xx || STM32F437xx || STM32F429xx || STM32F439xx */ 

#if defined(STM32F469xx) || defined(STM32F479xx)

  /* Configure and enable Bank1_SRAM2 */

  FMC_Bank1->BTCR[2]  = 0x00001091;

  FMC_Bank1->BTCR[3]  = 0x00110212;

  FMC_Bank1E->BWTR[2] = 0x0fffffff;

#endif /* STM32F469xx || STM32F479xx */

  (void)(tmp); 

}

#endif /* STM32F427xx || STM32F437xx || STM32F429xx || STM32F439xx || STM32F469xx || STM32F479xx */

#elif defined (DATA_IN_ExtSRAM)

/**

  * @brief  Setup the external memory controller. Called in startup_stm32f4xx.s 

  *          before jump to __main

  * @param  None

  * @retval None

  */ 

/**

  * @brief  Setup the external memory controller.

  *         Called in startup_stm32f4xx.s before jump to main.

  *         This function configures the external SRAM mounted on STM324xG_EVAL/STM324x7I boards

  *         This SRAM will be used as program data memory (including heap and stack).

  * @param  None

  * @retval None

  */

void SystemInit_ExtMemCtl(void)

{

/*-- GPIOs Configuration -----------------------------------------------------*/

/*

 +-------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------+

 +                       SRAM pins assignment                               +

 +-------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------+

 | PD0  <-> FMC_D2  | PE0  <-> FMC_NBL0 | PF0  <-> FMC_A0 | PG0 <-> FMC_A10 | 

 | PD1  <-> FMC_D3  | PE1  <-> FMC_NBL1 | PF1  <-> FMC_A1 | PG1 <-> FMC_A11 | 

 | PD4  <-> FMC_NOE | PE3  <-> FMC_A19  | PF2  <-> FMC_A2 | PG2 <-> FMC_A12 | 

 | PD5  <-> FMC_NWE | PE4  <-> FMC_A20  | PF3  <-> FMC_A3 | PG3 <-> FMC_A13 | 

 | PD8  <-> FMC_D13 | PE7  <-> FMC_D4   | PF4  <-> FMC_A4 | PG4 <-> FMC_A14 | 

 | PD9  <-> FMC_D14 | PE8  <-> FMC_D5   | PF5  <-> FMC_A5 | PG5 <-> FMC_A15 | 

 | PD10 <-> FMC_D15 | PE9  <-> FMC_D6   | PF12 <-> FMC_A6 | PG9 <-> FMC_NE2 | 

 | PD11 <-> FMC_A16 | PE10 <-> FMC_D7   | PF13 <-> FMC_A7 |-----------------+

 | PD12 <-> FMC_A17 | PE11 <-> FMC_D8   | PF14 <-> FMC_A8 | 

 | PD13 <-> FMC_A18 | PE12 <-> FMC_D9   | PF15 <-> FMC_A9 | 

 | PD14 <-> FMC_D0  | PE13 <-> FMC_D10  |-----------------+

 | PD15 <-> FMC_D1  | PE14 <-> FMC_D11  |

 |                  | PE15 <-> FMC_D12  |

 +------------------+------------------+

*/

   /* Enable GPIOD, GPIOE, GPIOF and GPIOG interface clock */

  RCC->AHB1ENR   |= 0x00000078;

  /* Connect PDx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOD->AFR[0]  = 0x00cc00cc;

  GPIOD->AFR[1]  = 0xcccccccc;

  /* Configure PDx pins in Alternate function mode */  

  GPIOD->MODER   = 0xaaaa0a0a;

  /* Configure PDx pins speed to 100 MHz */  

  GPIOD->OSPEEDR = 0xffff0f0f;

  /* Configure PDx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOD->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PDx pins */ 

  GPIOD->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PEx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOE->AFR[0]  = 0xcccccccc;

  GPIOE->AFR[1]  = 0xcccccccc;

  /* Configure PEx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOE->MODER   = 0xaaaaaaaa;

  /* Configure PEx pins speed to 100 MHz */ 

  GPIOE->OSPEEDR = 0xffffffff;

  /* Configure PEx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOE->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PEx pins */ 

  GPIOE->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PFx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOF->AFR[0]  = 0x00cccccc;

  GPIOF->AFR[1]  = 0xcccc0000;

  /* Configure PFx pins in Alternate function mode */   

  GPIOF->MODER   = 0xaa000aaa;

  /* Configure PFx pins speed to 100 MHz */ 

  GPIOF->OSPEEDR = 0xff000fff;

  /* Configure PFx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOF->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PFx pins */ 

  GPIOF->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PGx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOG->AFR[0]  = 0x00cccccc;

  GPIOG->AFR[1]  = 0x000000c0;

  /* Configure PGx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOG->MODER   = 0x00080aaa;

  /* Configure PGx pins speed to 100 MHz */ 

  GPIOG->OSPEEDR = 0x000c0fff;

  /* Configure PGx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOG->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PGx pins */ 

  GPIOG->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

/*-- FMC Configuration ------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Enable the FMC/FSMC interface clock */

  RCC->AHB3ENR         |= 0x00000001;

#if defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)

  /* Configure and enable Bank1_SRAM2 */

  FMC_Bank1->BTCR[2]  = 0x00001011;

  FMC_Bank1->BTCR[3]  = 0x00000201;

  FMC_Bank1E->BWTR[2] = 0x0fffffff;

#endif /* STM32F427_437xx || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */ 

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx)

  /* Configure and enable Bank1_SRAM2 */

  FSMC_Bank1->BTCR[2]  = 0x00001011;

  FSMC_Bank1->BTCR[3]  = 0x00000201;

  FSMC_Bank1E->BWTR[2] = 0x0fffffff;

#endif  /* STM32F40_41xxx */

/*

  Bank1_SRAM2 is configured as follow:

  In case of FSMC configuration 

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FSMC_AddressSetupTime = 1;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FSMC_AddressHoldTime = 0;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FSMC_DataSetupTime = 2;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FSMC_BusTurnAroundDura​tion = 0;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FSMC_CLKDivision = 0;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FSMC_DataLatency = 0;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FSMC_AccessMode = FMC_AccessMode_A;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_Bank = FSMC_Bank1_NORSRAM2;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_DataAddressMux​ = FSMC_DataAddressMux_Disable;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_MemoryType = FSMC_MemoryType_SRAM;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_MemoryDataWidt​h = FSMC_MemoryDataWidth_16b;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_BurstAccessMod​e = FSMC_BurstAccessMode_Disable;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_AsynchronousWa​it = FSMC_AsynchronousWait_Disable;  

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WaitSignalPola​rity = FSMC_WaitSignalPolarity_Low;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WrapMode = FSMC_WrapMode_Disable;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WaitSignalActi​ve = FSMC_WaitSignalActive_BeforeWaitState;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WriteOperation​ = FSMC_WriteOperation_Enable;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WaitSignal = FSMC_WaitSignal_Disable;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_ExtendedMode = FSMC_ExtendedMode_Disable;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WriteBurst = FSMC_WriteBurst_Disable;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_ReadWriteTimin​gStruct = &NORSRAMTimingStructure;

  FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WriteTimingStr​uct = &NORSRAMTimingStructure;

  In case of FMC configuration   

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FMC_AddressSetupTime = 1;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FMC_AddressHoldTime = 0;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FMC_DataSetupTime = 2;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FMC_BusTurnAroundDurat​ion = 0;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FMC_CLKDivision = 0;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FMC_DataLatency = 0;

  NORSRAMTimingStructure.FMC_AccessMode = FMC_AccessMode_A;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_Bank = FMC_Bank1_NORSRAM2;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_DataAddressMux = FMC_DataAddressMux_Disable;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_MemoryType = FMC_MemoryType_SRAM;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_MemoryDataWidth = FMC_MemoryDataWidth_16b;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_BurstAccessMode = FMC_BurstAccessMode_Disable;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_AsynchronousWait​ = FMC_AsynchronousWait_Disable;  

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_WaitSignalPolari​ty = FMC_WaitSignalPolarity_Low;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_WrapMode = FMC_WrapMode_Disable;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_WaitSignalActive​ = FMC_WaitSignalActive_BeforeWaitState;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_WriteOperation = FMC_WriteOperation_Enable;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_WaitSignal = FMC_WaitSignal_Disable;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_ExtendedMode = FMC_ExtendedMode_Disable;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_WriteBurst = FMC_WriteBurst_Disable;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_ContinousClock = FMC_CClock_SyncOnly;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_ReadWriteTimingS​truct = &NORSRAMTimingStructure;

  FMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FMC_WriteTimingStruc​t = &NORSRAMTimingStructure;

*/

}  

#elif defined (DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM)

/**

  * @brief  Setup the external memory controller.

  *         Called in startup_stm32f4xx.s before jump to main.

  *         This function configures the external SDRAM mounted on STM324x9I_EVAL board

  *         This SDRAM will be used as program data memory (including heap and stack).

  * @param  None

  * @retval None

  */

void SystemInit_ExtMemCtl(void)

{

  register uint32_t tmpreg = 0, timeout = 0xFFFF;

  register uint32_t index;

  /* Enable GPIOC, GPIOD, GPIOE, GPIOF, GPIOG, GPIOH and GPIOI interface 

      clock */

  RCC->AHB1ENR |= 0x000001FC;

  /* Connect PCx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOC->AFR[0]  = 0x0000000c;

  GPIOC->AFR[1]  = 0x00007700;

  /* Configure PCx pins in Alternate function mode */  

  GPIOC->MODER   = 0x00a00002;

  /* Configure PCx pins speed to 50 MHz */  

  GPIOC->OSPEEDR = 0x00a00002;

  /* Configure PCx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOC->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PCx pins */ 

  GPIOC->PUPDR   = 0x00500000;

  /* Connect PDx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOD->AFR[0]  = 0x000000CC;

  GPIOD->AFR[1]  = 0xCC000CCC;

  /* Configure PDx pins in Alternate function mode */  

  GPIOD->MODER   = 0xA02A000A;

  /* Configure PDx pins speed to 50 MHz */  

  GPIOD->OSPEEDR = 0xA02A000A;

  /* Configure PDx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOD->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PDx pins */ 

  GPIOD->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PEx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOE->AFR[0]  = 0xC00000CC;

  GPIOE->AFR[1]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  /* Configure PEx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOE->MODER   = 0xAAAA800A;

  /* Configure PEx pins speed to 50 MHz */ 

  GPIOE->OSPEEDR = 0xAAAA800A;

  /* Configure PEx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOE->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PEx pins */ 

  GPIOE->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PFx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOF->AFR[0]  = 0xcccccccc;

  GPIOF->AFR[1]  = 0xcccccccc;

  /* Configure PFx pins in Alternate function mode */   

  GPIOF->MODER   = 0xAA800AAA;

  /* Configure PFx pins speed to 50 MHz */ 

  GPIOF->OSPEEDR = 0xAA800AAA;

  /* Configure PFx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOF->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PFx pins */ 

  GPIOF->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PGx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOG->AFR[0]  = 0xcccccccc;

  GPIOG->AFR[1]  = 0xcccccccc;

  /* Configure PGx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOG->MODER   = 0xaaaaaaaa;

  /* Configure PGx pins speed to 50 MHz */ 

  GPIOG->OSPEEDR = 0xaaaaaaaa;

  /* Configure PGx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOG->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PGx pins */ 

  GPIOG->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PHx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOH->AFR[0]  = 0x00C0CC00;

  GPIOH->AFR[1]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  /* Configure PHx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOH->MODER   = 0xAAAA08A0;

  /* Configure PHx pins speed to 50 MHz */ 

  GPIOH->OSPEEDR = 0xAAAA08A0;

  /* Configure PHx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOH->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PHx pins */ 

  GPIOH->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

  /* Connect PIx pins to FMC Alternate function */

  GPIOI->AFR[0]  = 0xCCCCCCCC;

  GPIOI->AFR[1]  = 0x00000CC0;

  /* Configure PIx pins in Alternate function mode */ 

  GPIOI->MODER   = 0x0028AAAA;

  /* Configure PIx pins speed to 50 MHz */ 

  GPIOI->OSPEEDR = 0x0028AAAA;

  /* Configure PIx pins Output type to push-pull */  

  GPIOI->OTYPER  = 0x00000000;

  /* No pull-up, pull-down for PIx pins */ 

  GPIOI->PUPDR   = 0x00000000;

/*-- FMC Configuration ------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Enable the FMC interface clock */

  RCC->AHB3ENR |= 0x00000001;

  /* Configure and enable SDRAM bank1 */

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCR[0] = 0x000039D0;

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDTR[0] = 0x01115351;      

  /* SDRAM initialization sequence */

  /* Clock enable command */

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCMR = 0x00000011; 

  tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  while((tmpreg != 0) & (timeout-- > 0))

  {

    tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  }

  /* Delay */

  for (index = 0; index<1000; index++);

  /* PALL command */

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCMR = 0x00000012;           

  timeout = 0xFFFF;

  while((tmpreg != 0) & (timeout-- > 0))

  {

  tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  }

  /* Auto refresh command */

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCMR = 0x00000073;

  timeout = 0xFFFF;

  while((tmpreg != 0) & (timeout-- > 0))

  {

  tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  }

  /* MRD register program */

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCMR = 0x00046014;

  timeout = 0xFFFF;

  while((tmpreg != 0) & (timeout-- > 0))

  {

  tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDSR & 0x00000020; 

  } 

  /* Set refresh count */

  tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDRTR;

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDRTR = (tmpreg | (0x0000027C<<1));

  /* Disable write protection */

  tmpreg = FMC_Bank5_6->SDCR[0]; 

  FMC_Bank5_6->SDCR[0] = (tmpreg & 0xFFFFFDFF);

/*

  Bank1_SDRAM is configured as follow:

  FMC_SDRAMTimingInitStructure.FMC_LoadToActive​Delay = 2;      

  FMC_SDRAMTimingInitStructure.FMC_ExitSelfRefr​eshDelay = 6;  

  FMC_SDRAMTimingInitStructure.FMC_SelfRefreshT​ime = 4;        

  FMC_SDRAMTimingInitStructure.FMC_RowCycleDela​y = 6;         

  FMC_SDRAMTimingInitStructure.FMC_WriteRecover​yTime = 2;      

  FMC_SDRAMTimingInitStructure.FMC_RPDelay = 2;                

  FMC_SDRAMTimingInitStructure.FMC_RCDDelay = 2;               

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_Bank = SDRAM_BANK;

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_ColumnBitsNumber = FMC_ColumnBits_Number_8b;

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_RowBitsNumber = FMC_RowBits_Number_11b;

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_SDMemoryDataWidth = FMC_SDMemory_Width_16b;

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_InternalBankNumber​ = FMC_InternalBank_Number_4;

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_CASLatency = FMC_CAS_Latency_3; 

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_WriteProtection = FMC_Write_Protection_Disable;

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_SDClockPeriod = FMC_SDClock_Period_2;

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_ReadBurst = FMC_Read_Burst_disable;

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_ReadPipeDelay = FMC_ReadPipe_Delay_1;

  FMC_SDRAMInitStructure.FMC_SDRAMTimingStruct = &FMC_SDRAMTimingInitStructure;

*/

}

#endif /* DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM && DATA_IN_ExtSRAM */

/**

  * @}

  */

/**

  * @}

  */

/**

  * @}

  */    

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

Wiem ze kurs ma byc ciekawy ale bez pewnych podstaw to jak prowadzenie go bez wymagania znajomosci C...

Zwlaszcza ze nie sa to setki godzin... wystarczy wspomniec ze jest arkusz ktorym mozna to sobie policzyc i wszystko pieknie jest rozrysowane.
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